Monday, August 15, 2011

On Not Leaving a Bad Taste


Colossians 4:5-6


Not long ago Pat and I went to a restaurant for lunch.  It wasn’t one of those places where your met by a tuxedoed matre’d but there wasn’t a picture of a pig-tailed redheaded girl on the cups either.  We’d eaten there before and we enjoyed it.
We ordered lunch and the server brought us a basket of rolls and a bit of butter.  I put some butter on a roll and took a bite.  Something was wrong.  I mentioned it to Pat and she had a bite.  She said the butter was probably left uncovered in the refrigerator and had picked up the flavor of something.   We ate the rest of the rolls without butter.
When something leaves a bad taste in your mouth, you remember it.  We’ll probably go back to that restaurant but will be just a little cautious when we try a buttered roll.
All too often non-Christians are lefts with a bad taste after they’ve encountered Christians.  Maybe it’s a Christian who is judgmental. One who is arrogant.  Or one who is simply a hypocrite.
A deacon was trying to impress upon a class of boys the importance of living the Christian life. "Why do people call me a Christian?" the man asked. After a moment's pause, one youngster said, "Maybe it's because they don't know you."
We can laugh at that but we know that hypocrisy is a serious matter.  Alister McGraf has written:  “Paradoxically, what propels people toward atheism is above all a sense of revulsion against the excesses and failures of organized religion.”
Paul knows that we need to be consistent as Christians if we will make an impact in our world.   Our words and our life must be integrated.
An integration of life and word will be seen in

A CONSISTENT WITNESS
“Be wise in the way you act toward outsiders…”

Up to this point Paul, for the most part, has been speaking of Christian behavior within our closest circles—the marriage, the family, and the church.  Now he is primarily addressing our responsibility toward outsiders. 
By “outsiders” Paul means those who are not believers in Christ.  By using the term he reminds his readers that there is a great division between those who are believers and those who are not.  While some might have used such terms to promote pride and a sense of superiority, Paul doesn’t.  We are not to be satisfied with our being on the “inside” while the majority of humankind is on the “outside.”  Since we’re only on the inside because of God’s grace can we ever justify not inviting outsiders to become insiders, to become true believers?
 But consider this.
Experts tell us that lots of so-called church growth simply involves movement from one church to another.  It’s called “transfer growth.”  In other words, insiders are looking for new places and new faces, outsiders are not becoming insiders.
That ought to be disturbing, disturbing enough to make us try to discover the key to reaching non-believers.
Paul understood that not everyone was willing to hear the spoken witness of a Christian.  His own experience had taught him that some responded to that witness with open hostility.  It’s still the same today.  But is does that justify our failing to seek those outsiders?  Hardly.  Some of you may have ethnic roots in Ireland.  What if Patrick had given up because the Irish were such hard people?  Some of you have roots in Germany?  What if Boniface had give up because the Germans were so wild and unruly?  What if Gregory had decided not to try again to Christianize Britain since the Britons had killed the first wave of Christian ministers?  Just because it’s a tough job, just because the outsiders don’t like us, doesn’t mean we have a right to give up, sit back and enjoy ourselves while the world goes to hell—literally.
But once we resolve to do that hard work, how do we reach those who will not hear?  Paul told the Colossians that they had to rely upon the witness of a changed life. 
Wisdom, in the Bible, involves an integration of life and word.  Christians who would make an impact on outsiders understand this;  they know that unless our behavior and lifestyle is different than that of the larger world, our message of a changed life will not be believed.  To use a popular phrase, Christians must “walk the walk, if they are going to talk the talk.”
William Hendriksen paraphrases the verse this way, “Behave wisely toward outsiders, always bearing in mind that though few men read the sacred scrolls, all men read you!”
The result of Christians living with integrity would be twofold.
First, it would effectively refute the wild accusations which are sometimes leveled against Christians.  In the first centuries of the church Christians were sometimes accused of atheism because they did not worship the gods of Rome, of treason because they refused to offer incense to the image of the emperor, of cannibalism because they spoke of eating the body of Christ, of immorality because they spoke of loving one another.   How did the Christians answer these unfair accusations. 
While some did the important work of writing defenses of the church, most responded by simply living out their faith.  This is why historian T. R. Glover could write that the early Christians defeated their opponents by “outliving” them.
A second result of more Christians living with integrity would be a more effective witness for Christ. 
In 1969 Dr. Bernard Nathanson was operating the largest abortion clinic in the world.  His New York City clinic was involved in more than 75,000 abortions—including one for his own child.  Then in the late 1970s this supporter of Roe vs. Wade concluded that he had been killing human beings.  As a result he became a key pro-life advocate. 
His new work brought him into contact with Christian pro-life workers.  Of their commitment he wrote:
“They prayed, they supported and encouraged each other, they sang hymns of joy….  They prayed for the unborn babies, for the confused and pregnant women, and for the doctors and nurses in the clinic….  And I wondered:  How can these people give of themselves for a constituency that is (and always will be) mute, invisible, and unable to thank them?”

Due in part to their consistent witness and the testimony of a former teacher, Karl Stern, Nathanson became a Christian in the 1990s. 
Those Christians Nathanson observed were simply integrating their words and their lives.
An integration of life and word will also be seen in…
A TACTFUL WITNESS
“Let your conversation always be full of grace…”
Most of us know that inconsistency in living out our faith, not to mention outright hypocrisy, can nullify our witness.  But, have we given much thought to the impact of sheer tactlessness?
Paul’s instructions to the Colossians could be interpreted in two ways.  He could be saying, “Speak graciously to outsiders,” or he could be saying, “Speak about grace to outsiders.”  While it’s possible he had both meanings in mind, I think he certainly had in mind the first meaning:  Speak graciously.  In other words, speak tactfully.
William Hendriksen gives special attention to the call to tactfulness in this verse.  Using this verse and others he describes tactfulness in this way:
“Its parents are Love and Wisdom.  It is that skill which, without any sacrifice of honesty or candor, enables a person to speak the right work at the right time, and to do the proper thing in a given situation.  It is premeditated prudence, sanctified mother wit, consecrated savoir faire.  The tactful person does not shirk his duty even when he is convinced that he must admonish are rebuke.  But he has learned the art of doing this without being rude.”

John Stott recently died.  In case the name isn’t familiar, Stott was an English evangelist, theologian, and pastor; he was instrumental in breathing new life into Anglican Evangelicalism.  At the same time, he became a widely respected leader of evangelicals of all stripes around the world.  Since his ordination in 1945, he wrote some fifty books on theology, preaching, evangelism, ethics, and Bible study.  He was well-respected even by those who didn’t necessarily share his views.
After a story about Stott appeared in the New York Times, singer Paul Simon was a friend David Brooks, the author and asked for an introduction to Stott.  They met in Stott’s small, bachelor apartment in London.  Simon began to complain about various well-known fundamentalist leaders.  Stott said nothing for a while, then stopped Simon and said, “But, I want to know what you think of Jesus Christ.”
You and I, in such a circumstance, might have either joined Simon in his condemnation or tried to defend those leaders.  We might have berated him for being part of the immoral world of show business.  We might have even tried to use our superior knowledge to trump the upstart.  Stott didn’t and if anyone had superior knowledge, he did.  Simon later expressed his gratitude to Brooks for the introduction.  His gracious demeanor opened a door for witness.
It’s always easier to be tactless than to be tactful.  But if we want to reach the outsiders, it’s a quality we will have to cultivate.  We should cultivate treating others graciously because we have been treated graciously.
Tactful witness is natural when our life and word is integrated.
An integration of life and word will also be seen in…

AN APPEALING WITNESS
“Let your conversation always be…seasoned with salt…”
Other writers in the New Testament period wrote of words being salty.  By this, they usually meant speech which was witty and even sarcastic.  Paul didn’t have that in mind.  He probably used “salt” in a more natural sense, meaning that our speech should be flavorful, appealing.
Ralph Martin comments on the phrase:
“Our glad task is to speak with [Christ]like attractiveness, avoiding any manner of speaking in public discourse or private conversation which would leave the impression that the gospel message is dull and flat and uninteresting.”

F. F. Bruce is more direct:  “Those who are the salt of the earth may reasonably be expected to have some savor about their language.”
What is this salty talk?  What makes a witness appealing?
An appealing witness reflects a commitment which is authentic.  It calls for us to be real.  I doubt if anyone responds to the witness of a Christian who is a Christian just because his or her parents were Christians.
Someone has said that those now in their late teens and early twenties have built in “hype detectors.”  They can spot a phony at a hundred yards.  They know when someone isn’t being genuine, isn’t telling it like it is.  We won’t reach them with canned testimonies or pious platitudes.
An appealing witness reflects a commitment which is enthusiastic.  A story in USA Today  reported that some 29.4 million Americans claim to have no religion and only 32% of us regularly go to church.  One reason cited is that church seems repressive and boring.
We’re not likely to get people who think that to visit our churches.  But they can’t avoid rubbing shoulders with Christians.  That’s our real hope of reaching them—if they encounter the right kind of Christians.
There’s just something appealing about a person who is enthusiastically committed to Christ.  I don’t mean they are always sounding off about their faith, but that it’s clear their commitment is more than an “only on Sunday” kind of thing.   They have a commitment which is evident every day of the week.  It’s a fresh commitment;  it hasn’t grown stale or insipid.
Although John Wesley was a trained minister he possessed no personal commitment to Christ.  After a disastrous attempt to minister in colonial Georgia he returned to England in disgrace.  On his way to England, Wesley had encountered several Moravian Christians, members of a small band of committed men and women who had known severe persecution for their faith.  Wesley watched them and was particularly fascinated by their calmness in the midst of a severe storm.  Back in England after his flight from Georgia, Wesley became acquainted with their leader Peter Bohler and sought his counsel. His quest for that kind of faith he had seen displayed in that storm led to his own conversion.
Their appealing witness touched a man who would touch thousands.
An integration of life and word will also be seen in…
A THOUGHTFUL WITNESS
Sometimes effective witness is amazingly spontaneous but more often it is the product of forethought.  Such forethought is demonstrated in two ways.
Being a thoughtful witness is demonstrated in our determination to “make the most of every opportunity.”  The language Paul uses comes from the market, he literally says “buy up every opportunity.”  White suggests it involves “cornering the market in opportunity.”
What Paul says should remind us of a couple truths, first, that there are opportunities all around us for sharing the gospel and, second, that we may very easily miss them.  It’s a lesson which has to be learned by every generation of Christians.
We know that witness may take place in church, but we have to rediscover that witness may take place at the workplace, over the backyard fence, in a hospital room, in a classroom, at a school board meeting, anywhere we Christians may go.  We’re not always invited to preach a sermon but we always have an opportunity to make what we do say “full of grace, seasoned with salt.”
With fewer and fewer people coming to our churches can’t allow any opportunity to go by.  If we don’t seize an opportunity it may forever be too late.
As Michael F. Springer, a Philadelphia mechanic, rounded a corner on October 7, 1995, he heard whimpering. Glancing up, he saw a small child dangling from the third-floor window of a row house. Springer rushed over and stood directly beneath the child. "From the time I looked up to the time I got to him, I'd say it was about ten seconds," he said later. "I called up, 'Baby, what are you doing?' and I prayed to God that I wouldn't miss him if he let go. It was all marble steps beneath the window."
Just then, the toddler lost his hold-and Springer caught him. At Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, doctors examined the toddler and found no injuries. "God had a reason for me to be there, and I'm just glad I was," Springer said.
You and I will occasionally encounter people who, spiritually speaking, are just barely holding on, who are in danger.  May we seize the opportunity to be witnesses.
Being a thoughtful witness involves making the gospel personal.  The New English Bible rendering of this verse points this out, “Let your words always be gracious, never insipid; learn how best to respond to each person you meet.”
Paul reminds us to be wise as in our relations with outsiders.  We need such wisdom if we don’t want to make mistakes in our timing and approach.
 We need to know how to speak to non-believers on behalf of Christ.
Several years ago I taught a class for Boyce on the doctrine of salvation.  I began the course by putting some of the key words of our faith on the blackboard.  I wrote words like redemption, adoption, propitiation, regeneration, justification, and several other such terms.  I then asked the class to write a paragraph or two on the subject of what Christ had done for them.  As the students reached for pen and paper, I added one requirement:  They could not use any of the words I had written on the board.  Some of them weren’t up to the challenge;  they couldn’t find a way to express their personal faith without using the language which most outsiders would find incomprehensible.
At one time many of the unchurched would have been familiar enough with the story of Jesus and with the teachings of the church for us to refer to them with confidence.  That’s no longer true.
Many who think they know about the Bible simply believe it to be a book of outdated rules and impossible stories.
All of this suggests we must be thoughtful as we approach each outsider.  Some will be prepared for a more complicated witness, some will require a simpler approach.
All will be looking for someone who will treat them as individuals who merit the time it takes to get to know them.
Let the Spirit help you craft the best approach to that person.  And we had better be willing to rely on the Spirit if we are going to know what to say and when to say it.  That is the essence of a thoughtful witness.

CONCLUSION
Real witness has always involved the integration of life and word but that is probably true now more than ever.
Not long after I came to Worthington, some of us went to hear Jack Riggs, long-time associate of Billy Graham.  He was helping prepare church members for the upcoming Graham Crusade at Cooper Stadium.  A few years after we heard him, Riggs began saying that most of those Americans who would be reached by the big crusades had been reached. 
If that’s so, it’s more important than ever that we Christians determine to witness through word and life.





Sunday, August 7, 2011

Praying with Open Eyes


Colossians 4:2-4

Textual introduction:  Up to this point, by boldly and clearly proclaiming Christ’s person and work, Paul has encouraged a congregation facing a crisis of confidence. He gave the Colossians renewed faith in their Savior and in their salvation.  Freed of the need to earn God’s favor on their own, a quest made impossible by the reality of sin, the Colossian believers were able to give themselves to becoming what God intended them to be, which included being ministers of God’s blessing to others.  One aspect of this ministry is evangelism, the spreading of the gospel.
The closing words of the epistle address concerns regarding the spread of the Gospel.  The Colossians have two opportunities to be involved in the spread of the good news.  This morning we will talk about one of those opportunities, next time we’ll talk about the other.
********

Sermon introduction:  Well, it’s that time of year again.  Drive around the city, past some of our high schools, and you may see teams out on the practice fields doing calisthenics, running through drills, or even in the midst of a scrimmage.  Given the heat and humidity of the past couple weeks, you may wonder how safe it is for the boys to be exerting themselves like that.  But, hey, football is important. 
None of the coaches, players, or fans believes it would be okay for the team to walk out onto the field for the season’s first game without preparation.
In Paul’s mind, no one could seriously expect to do the work of evangelism without preparation.  Part of that preparation was prayer.
This is a crucial point because it reminds us that the exercise of consistent, thoughtful prayer allows any Christian to participate in the advance of the gospel.
We can participate in the advance of the gospel as we…
I
PRACTICE PERSISTENT PRAYER
Devote yourselves to prayer…
Paul begins with a statement which anticipates prayer being a regular feature of their lives.  Williams renders the command as  "You must persevere in prayer." (Williams)  The original language is "cling closely to".  In our idiom we might say, "Stick to praying". 
It is right and proper to pray for ourselves.  Paul himself made that clear when he wrote to the Philippians. 
PHP 4:6-7 Do not be anxious about anything, but in everything, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God.   And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.

In those verses Paul tells the Philippians that they may bring specific needs to God, that they may approach him with whatever might be causing anxiety and dread.
The Colossians would have had the same privilege.  Earlier in the letter Paul had encouraged the Colossians to keep praying for greater insight into what God was doing in the world and into what pleased him. Just as Paul prayed for the church concerning these matters, so the Colossians should pray for themselves.
In a world where spiritual lethargy is a real threat, a world in which there are competing world-views, a world in which there are many temptations to abandon the new way of living, Christians need to spend time in prayer for themselves. 
But as true as this may be, Paul’s focus here seems to be the church at prayer for others.  While there is nothing selfish about a church praying for itself, there is everything selfish about a church praying only for itself.
Years ago I visited a church in Lubbock, Texas, with some friends.  It was not a Baptist church so I expected some aspects of the service to be a little different from what I was used to.  Still, I was surprised when the pastor of the church, during a special prayer time, announced the name of another congregation in Lubbock, a congregation of another denomination, and led his congregation in prayer for the ministers and members of that church.  It was surprising because, even though we don’t mind praying for other churches in Africa or Asia, we are just a little reluctant to pray for churches closer to home, especially when we see them as the competition.
More recently, this month in fact, the churches in Plain City are joining together in soliciting prayer requests.  Then members of those churches have volunteered to spend seven days, twenty-four hours a day in prayer for those needs.  It seems like a great exercise in Christian unity.
I’m not saying we should follow the example of that church in Lubbock or those churches in Plain City—such practices can be a mere formality.  I am saying we need to be ready to look beyond ourselves in our prayers.  Perhaps because of the doctrinal threat the Colossians had been facing they had begun to turn inward, to focus only on their needs and concerns.  Through prayer they had the opportunity to break out of that pattern.
I freely admit that persistent prayer can be a challenge.  It’s tough to pray in the face of so many distractions, so many things which might otherwise capture our attention.  Perhaps this is why Paul called the Colossians to pray with “an alert mind and a thankful heart.”  The Canadian writer Dermot McDonald comments, “Therefore the believer must not only stick at praying but must stay awake when he prays.  For we ‘are apt to do drowsily whatever we do constantly.’”
This is why we need mutual encouragement from fellow-believers to keep praying, why we need reminders of the needs of others to keep praying.
At the same time we need to pray with hearts filled with thanksgiving.  A spirit of gratitude makes prayer easier because we look forward to those opportunities to praise God for his unexpected goodness and for his answers to our earlier prayers.  Prayer, according to the Bible, is not truly complete without thanksgiving.  Maclaren wrote,  "Thankfulness is the feather that wings the arrow of prayer--the height from which our souls rise most easily to the sky."
We can participate in the advance of the gospel as we…
II
PRACTICE PURPOSEFUL PRAYER
And pray for us, too, that God may open a door for our message, so that
we may proclaim the mystery of Christ, for which I am in chains.
Paul had a very specific purpose in mind when he asked the Colossians to pray for him.  He might have asked them to pray for his release but he didn’t.  He might have asked them to pray for more comfortable surroundings but he didn’t.  He might have asked them to pray for the demise of his enemies but he didn’t.  He asked them to pray that he and his team might be more effective in doing the work of evangelism.
Paul asks that a door might be open—not a door for escape from prison, but a door through which they might carry the gospel.  A door is an opportunity to enter, a means of approach or access.  Now, let me remind you that Paul saw opportunities in the strangest places.  He assured the Philippians that prison had its positive side;  he said, in essence:  Yes, there’s a chain on my wrist and there’s a Roman guard on the other end of that chain, but as far as I’m concerned I’m not chained to him, he’s chained to me. 
Paul’s specific desire was that the Colossians pray for him to have the opportunity to bring the gospel message to all who needed to hear its promise of grace and salvation.  When Paul wrote the Romans, he told them that his great desire was to carry the gospel to places where Christ was not known (Romans 15:20).  He is telling the Colossians that he wants to take that gospel through doors it has never been through before.
It’s an important matter he wants the Colossians to be praying about.  By calling his message “the mystery of Christ” he is reminding his readers of its source and its subject:  Christ.  It isn’t a message thought up by human ingenuity or wisdom; it is a message which has its source in God.  It is a message focusing on a heaven-sent Redeemer.
At the same time, when he reminds the Colossians that preaching the gospel is the reason he is “in chains” he is reminding them that the message is so important that it must be spread despite possible pain and suffering.   It is a message which will not necessarily be received with joy and enthusiasm.  Paul knew, as the Colossians were beginning to discover, some respond to the gospel with hostility.  Still, the message was too important to neglect, too important to be altered into something more palatable. 
By asking them to pray for those open doors he is inviting the Colossians to become his partners in spreading that divine message, the message worth suffering for.  His request captures both the responsibility of the church and the wonder of being partners in doing God’s work.  One commentator writes:
 The community…should pray that God may clear an unimpeded path for the apostolic word.  No matter what the circumstances may be, this word must be preached.  And the community should be conscious of the fact that it is co-responsible for the success of this apostolic commission.  (Lohse)

Here’s the amazing truth, through our prayers we are partners with those carrying the gospel to new places, partners with those preaching to men and women who have never heard the name of Christ.
Keep in mind Paul’s readers and keep in mind some of the people you know.  As you do, remember that not everyone can go to proclaim the gospel, nor is this always God’s will.  Not everyone has the opportunity to go—the wives, children, and slaves to whom Paul just wrote did not have the freedom to go.  Yet, through their prayers they could help open doors for those who did have the freedom to go.

This is why it is so important for us to pray with persistence and purpose.
Yet Paul words imply something further. We can participate in the advance of the gospel as we…
III
PRACTICE PERCEPTIVE PRAYER
… pray…that God may open a door for our message… the mystery of Christ…
that I may proclaim it clearly, as I should.

Paul’s request for himself and his team was really twofold.  He asked for prayer concerning opportunity and clarity as he proclaimed the gospel.
 He acknowledged God as the door-opener; he and his team simply looked for those open doors.  But an opportunity to preach would do no good without the ability to communicate.
As a Jew moving into the Gentile world, Paul faced economic, cultural, language, religious, and ethnic barriers. These are ageless concerns of every person wishing to share the gospel, so they are agelessly proper as matters for prayer. Only with God's help can they be overcome.
The further Paul moved from a culture rooted in the OT vision of God and his purposes, to more he needed to be able to speak with clarity.  In the same way, because our culture has lost the once-assumed familiarity with the Christian world-view and even the notion of absolute truth, the more we need clarity in our presentation of Christ’s claims.
If we need insight to know how to pray for ourselves and if we need insight to know how to pray for others, we surely need insight to know how to pray for the unique situations in which the gospel needs to be carried in our day. Consider just two examples.
Who, raised in the freedom of the West, can appreciate the magnitude of the task faced by our “last frontier” missionaries who risk their lives to bring the gospel to lands closed to Christianity and to unrestricted ministry?  May God give us insight and wisdom as we pray for them.  
Who,  raised with the Christian world-view's notion of absolute truth, can easily appreciate the challenge faced by those involved in the task of reaching out to today's students?  May God give us insight and wisdom as we pray for them.
May God give us what we need to pray with perception.
Some Specific Suggestions
If we pray with our eyes open, what are some appropriate matters about which ought to find ourselves praying?
                   1.  It’s appropriate to pray for an increase in those willing to do the work of spreading the gospel.  (Mt. 9:37-38)
2.  It’s appropriate to pray for Christian workers to be delivered from those who would do them harm or hinder the work of evangelism.  (2 Thess 3:1-2. Ro 15:30-32)
3.     It’s appropriate to pray with and for churches facing persecution.  (Acts 4:24-31)
4.     It’s appropriate to pray for those specialists who are seeking new ways to carry the gospel into new situations. (cf. I Cor. 9:19f)
5.     It’s appropriate to pray for those who use means other than the spoken word to share the gospel.  (Acts 27:9 where there is some evidence of “medical” mission work)
I suppose the list could go on but the important thing is that we accept the challenge to pray with open eyes for the world around us.
CONCLUSION
It’s almost a cliché to say to those who claim they have no talents for spreading the gospel that they can always pray.  It’s also misleading.
It’s misleading, in part, because it implies praying may somehow exempt us from further responsibility for doing the work of evangelism.  It doesn’t, as we will see.
It’s also misleading because it implies that prayer is somehow less important than preaching and teaching the gospel.  The truth is, the gospel couldn’t be effectively preached or taught if someone weren’t praying for the preachers and the teachers.
You may have never heard the gospel if someone hadn’t been praying.


Tuesday, August 2, 2011

Whether Pushing a Broom or Sitting in the Corner Office

I was away for a week and unable to update this blog with a new sermon.  Here is the continuation of the Colossian series.

Colossians 3:22-4:1
           
            I’m no expert in economics but I don’t have to be to know there is growing tension in our country between those who push brooms and those who enjoy the perks of the corner office.  There is tension and anger in the workplace.  Workers resent their employers and employers do not trust their workers.  Does the Bible say anything to us in this situation? 
Of course, my answer is yes but to get to it we’re going to have to bridge the gulf between the centuries-old text and the contemporary age, a text which deals with a practice that belongs to another age. 
When you and I think of slavery we usually think of what we learned in our American history classes.  Former missionary to Georgia, John Wesley, said that American slavery was one of the most brutal and inhumane forms of slavery in the world.  That was true in the 18th century and was largely true for earlier centuries as well.  It was certainly more brutal and inhumane than Roman slavery.  Still, Aristotle said “A slave is a living tool, just as a tool is an inanimate slave.”
What was slavery in the Roman world like?
*                       It was widespread. It’s estimated that close to 90% of the residents of the Italian peninsula were slaves or the descendants of slaves.  In the larger empire it’s estimated there were some 60,000,000 slaves.  The treatment of slaves depended upon the disposition of the master;  as a consequence, some slaves were treated very well, almost as members of the family, while others were treated poorly. Slaves who worked in homes or in the cities were generally treated better than the slaves who worked in the mines or in the fields.  Records show that slaves could be whipped, have teeth knocked out, eyes gouged out, and even be crucified for minor offenses.  Runaway slaves, if caught, could be branded, flogged, or crucified.  An unusually large number of slaves committed suicide.   By the middle of the first century some writers, especially among the Stoics, were arguing for more humane treatment of slaves.  No one called for its abolition.
*                      It was largely non-racial.  Romans did not believe the members of any particular race were destined to be slaves.  Although some slaves were the spoils of war most were born to slave parents and, so, became slaves themselves.  In Colossae, your slave could look just like you.
*                      It had an ironic character.  While many slaves carried out the less appealing type of work some served as teachers, physicians, philosophers, and other “professionals”.  In the American system, it was illegal to teach a slave to read or write; in Colossae, your slave might teach your children how to read and write.  Slaves were often allowed to earn money by working for others.  The usual arrangement involved two-thirds of the slave’s salary going to the master.  This was profitable for the master and often made it possible for the slave to save enough money to buy his freedom.
*                      Emancipation was commonplace.  One source suggests that few slaves were slaves for life and quite a few were freed by the time they were thirty.  Many freed slaves went into business with their former masters.  However, many who were born slaves died slaves.
Though Roman slavery had some virtues not present in American slavery, the very practice of slavery still  treated men and women as mere property, thus dehumanizing those for whom Christ died.
Some resisted being slaves.  Some stole from their masters.  Some did as little work as possible.  Some ran away.
The Colossian church knew such a runaway.  His name was Onesimus and he belonged to Philemon, a leader of the Colossian congregation.
For some reason Onesimus ran away from Colossae to Rome, where he may have hoped to blend into the crowds there. 
Why did Onesimus run away?  He may have simply yearned for freedom. He may have been in constant trouble for being a poor worker.  He may have robbed Philemon and fled to Rome.
As Onesimus explored the wonders of the capital city he encountered the greatest wonder of all—the gospel. 
Somehow, some way, Onesimus became acquainted with Paul, who was under house arrest in Rome.  It seems unlikely he was a fellow-prisoner, since Paul’s situation was far different than that of an ordinary prisoner, such as Onesimus would have been.  According to the Book of Acts, Paul was allowed to have a wide variety of visitors and allowed to preach the gospel in relative freedom.  Perhaps Onesimus joined a group of curious visitors who had come to hear Paul.  Perhaps he had heard a Christian acquaintance speak of his faith and became curious;  that unnamed person may have brought him to Paul.  In any case, Onesimus heard the Christian message and was converted. 
Evidently, Onesimus proved himself to be an eager worker in the cause of Christ and valuable asset to Paul.  The aging apostle was always on the look-out for those whom he could train and mentor in the task of building the Kingdom of God. 
But something hung over the fugitive’s head like a dark cloud.  By running away he had cheated Philemon—his owner and, now, fellow-believer.  We can only imagine the long conversations he had with Paul, talking about the life of a slave, sharing his fear of capture and punishment, seeking the advice of the man who had become like a father to him. 
In the end, no doubt with Onesimus’s consent, Paul sent him back to Colossae, back to Philemon, back to an uncertain fate.  But he returned to Asia Minor with a letter addressed to his master, a letter which has been described as the most personal letter Paul ever wrote.
After an introduction in which Paul reflects on his friendship with Philemon, the apostle comes to his point in writing.  He explains that he has a favor to ask.
      8  [Our friendship] is why I am boldly asking a favor of you. I could
demand it in the name of Christ because it is the right thing for you to do, 
9 but because of our love, I prefer just to ask you. So take this as a request
from your friend Paul, an old man, now in prison for the sake of Christ
Jesus.
                  10 My plea is that you show kindness to Onesimus. I think of him as my
own son because he became a believer as a result of my ministry here in
prison.  11 Onesimus hasn't been of much use to you in the past, but
now he is very useful to both of us.  12 I am sending him back to you,
and with him comes my own heart.
       15 Perhaps you could think of it this way: Onesimus ran away for a
little while so you could have him back forever.  16 He is no longer just
a slave; he is a beloved brother, especially to me. Now he will mean
much more to you, both as a slave and as a brother in the Lord.
     
Paul held back because he would not compel Philemon to act involuntarily.  Whatever choice Philemon made it had to be his own.  Paul, no doubt, hoped that choice would be made in light of the new reality:  Because of their common relationship to Christ the relationship of the master and the slave had forever changed. 
Paul may have hoped that Philemon’s action would become an example to other slave-owners in the congregation.
A direct attack on the institution of slavery would have been fruitless.  Yet, in Paul does succeed in planting the seeds which would eventually help to end slavery. 
As I read the memo to Philemon, I get the impression that it is a case study in applying the principles Paul lays down in his epistle to the Colossians.
The outworking of these principles would be seen in the life of the church.  F. F. Bruce’s comment is worth quoting:
"In the higher and  abiding relationship which is theirs in Christ, believing slaves and masters are brothers.  The slave-and-master relationship might persist in the home and business life;  within the church it was swallowed up in the new relationship.  Thus, a Christian slave might be recognized as an elder in the church by reason of his spiritual stature, and receive due deference from his Christian master. 
“But the Christian slave would not presume on this new relationship or make it an excuse for serving his master less assiduously;  on the contrary, he would serve him the more faithfully because of his new relationship.  And if a Christian slave had an unbelieving master, he would serve him the more faithfully now because the reputation of Christ and Christianity was bound up with the quality of his service….
[At the same time] “if slaves like Onesimus have their duties, so have masters like Philemon;  they must treat their slaves fairly and justly.  The are masters on earth, but they themselves have a Master in heaven;  let them treat their servants with the same consideration as they themselves hope to receive at the hands of their heavenly Master."

Such a relationship would call for slaves and masters, in varying degrees to display the virtues of meekness, patience, kindness, forbearance, forgiveness, humility, and love.
But how do Paul’s instructions apply to our situation?
Slavery has never been fully eradicated from our world.  It is still practiced in some places.  Yet, most of us look to these words to try to understand how we are to deal with one another in the work place.
How does what Paul says apply on the job?
As we look at what Paul says we discover that in light of our identity in Christ…
THOSE WHO WORK FOR OTHERS OUGHT TO DO SO
1.  With integrity. 
The command to obey might be expected but Paul makes clear it is not to be a merely superficial obedience.  It is to be done sincerely—with integrity.
Paul suggests that some of the slaves were guilty of working only when the boss was around or that they flattered the boss to try to get out of tougher assignments.  Now they were to work hard even when no supervisor was around.
In an age when the Internet can take us miles away from the workplace by pushing a few buttons, it’s tempting to escape when no one is looking.  But the Christian worker is to stay focused on the job at hand, to work with integrity.
2.  With industry.
Certainly this is implied in what Paul has already said but it merits emphasis.  When Paul says “whatever you do, work at it with all your heart” he is calling for excellence even in the simplest of tasks.
When I worked in a luggage store years ago, the manager told us to never sell an item from stock without opening the box and examining it.  As he put it, we never wanted to send the customer away with an item “made on a Monday morning.”
Every one of us has been frustrated by shoddy workmanship, by an order gotten wrong, all because someone was too busy paying attention to the clock to pay attention to the job.  That accusation should never be made against a Christian.
3.  With insight.
Paul was not naïve, neither should we be.  Sometimes good workers are treated poorly at the workplace.  One Roman historian tells of a slave girl who was severely beaten because she made a mistake while tending her mistress’s hair.  The slaves in Colossae could probably tell similar stories.
Paul’s words in verse 25 might seem to be just a warning to the slaves, but a second reading clarifies that it is also an assurance that justice will ultimately prevail.  Neither slave nor master escapes God’s watchful eye.  If the entire society turns a blind eye to injustice, God still sees. 
Sometimes, Christian employees aren’t able to respond to mistreatment by employers.  They need the insight to know that the injustice did not escape God’s notice.
4.  With intentionality.
In Paul’s view the slave could face his toil with a new vision and goal—to bring honor to God.  In the same way the Christian employee can work in such a way to bring honor to God. 
Commenting on the parallel passage in Ephesians 6:5-9 the great British preacher D Martyn Lloyd-Jones writes,
“Nothing the Christian does is insignificant.  When you get up tomorrow morning, and go to your office, your are going there, remember, as the slave of Christ, as the servant of God.  It is not only people like myself who preach in pulpits who are servants of God.  If you are a Christian, you are a servant of God, you are the slave…of Christ…  Show it in you work, show it in everything you do—in your home, in your pleasure, in your recreation, at your lunch, at your tea, everywhere, always, let this come out.  So, you will realize that, whatever your calling, whatever you lot of position in life, it is a glorious one.
“Never feel a sense of drudgery again!  Your job may be mechanical, repetitive, soul-less.   [But] say to yourself ‘I am going to be a drudge for Christ’s sake.  Perhaps someone looking at me and seeing me enjoying the drudgery, and doing it with finesse, and with a glamour and a glory that the world can never produce, may suddenly be convinced and convicted of sin, and may become an inquirer after the way of salvation.’  You can evangelize where you are, just as you are.  You do it primarily by your life, by the way in which you do your daily work.”

Paul also speaks
TO THOSE WHO HAVE OVERSIGHT OVER OTHERS.
Very simply, those who have oversight over others should treat them with justice, always aware that their performance also stands under review.
What did Paul mean when he called for masters to provide their slaves “what is right and fair?”  There were apparently some instances in which slaves were expected to work without proper food or rest.  Certainly no Christian master was to treat his slaves in such a manner. 
As a Christian, Paul would have known that real living demands more than mere food and rest.  He may have been prompting the masters to treat their slaves with the dignity befitting a fellow human and fellow believer; certainly they were not to treat them as living tools.  He may have been calling on masters to respect them by refusing to abuse them or allow them to be abused—female slaves were especially vulnerable to mistreatment.  He may have even been suggesting that it was proper to express appreciation and gratitude to a hard-working slave.
In the political, social, and legal climate of our day, there’s a lot of outrage about unions.  Some Christians seem to believe unions are wrong;  some Christians seem to believe it’s the church’s duty to support the unions whatever they ask.  The greed and self-centeredness of corrupt employers made unions necessary, now greed and self-centeredness have tainted the unions, corrupting the good they might do.  What would have happened if both employers who claimed to be Christian and workers who claimed to be Christian had taken Paul’s call seriously?
I’ve been reading the fascinating story of the Guinness family—makers of the world’s most famous beer.  A review of the family history is surprising.  Yes, there are brewers but there are also evangelists, missionaries, and theologians.  Arthur Guinness, who founded the brewery in the eighteenth century, was a devout evangelical Christian.  He was determined his company would do more than make a profit; it would be beneficial to his workers.  So he provided free medical care for his employees, literacy classes, job training for youngsters, and even counseling for those with trouble.  Guinness became the best place to work in Dublin.
Guinness kept Paul’s word in mind—nothing escapes the notice of heaven.
One of Paul’s most frequently used metaphors for believers is “slave” or “servant.”  He used it often to describe himself and other Christians.  He reminds us that every believer has a “Master in heaven.”  Paul understands that some Christians, by virtue of the roles they have in life, must exercise authority over others, but his vision of our mutual servanthood precludes that exercise being carried out in an abusive or haughty manner.
Reading Between the Verses
To some degree applying what Paul has to say to first-century masters and slaves demands we read between the verses.  We do so to try to discover the implications of what Paul is saying.  What are some of those implications?
1.     Living out a life transformed by Jesus Christ will be displayed, not simply in our homes and our churches, but at the workplace as well.
      It will be displayed chiefly in our attitudes toward our fellow-workers, whether they are our superiors or our subordinates.
      It certainly means we will give a fair day’s labor for a fair day’s wage.  Lloyd-Jones even suggests that the Christian worker should not even steal time from his employer in order to evangelize his fellow workers.  He would, of course, be sure to tell each worker that to seize every opportunity to be a witness.
2.     Living out a life transformed by Jesus Christ demands we be constantly alert to consider whether any action or policy brings honor and glory to God.      There’s no doubt things are different now than they were in the first century.  As a first century Christian, Paul would not have foreseen a situation in which a believer would be the member of a powerful union or part of a management team with the responsibility of negotiating with that union. 
      Even though Paul doesn’t address the issue we can be sure he would say that every Christian, whether labor or management, is obliged to pursue justice and demonstrate respect for others.
3.     Living out a life transformed by Jesus Christ allows us to seize opportunities God may open to us .
      Writing to the Corinthians, Paul told slaves that, should the opportunity arise, they should accept any opportunity to be legally set free from their masters.  Since emancipation was often offered to faithful slaves, Paul wanted them to know that his instructions regarding being conscientious workers did not demand that they remain slaves. 
      I think Paul’s counsel certainly means that today’s Christian worker has the right to consider moving from one job to another if that move will be better for the worker or the worker’s family. 

CONCLUSION

Paul’s words to slaves and masters may sound strange to our 21st century ears, but the principles he lays down certainly apply to our day.
We can appreciate how he spoke to a difficult situation with wisdom and grace.  Had he called for the end of slavery, he would have failed.  Had he called for Christian slaves to rebel against their masters, he would have invited bloodshed.  He didn’t do this.  Instead, he laid down principles of mutual respect which would eventually erode away the very foundations of the institution.
In the early days of American slavery, many slaveholders did not want the gospel preached to their slaves.  They knew that its implications stood squarely against the institution.  Only when the Bible’s clear teachings on equality were suppressed or distorted, was it considered safe to preach to the slaves.
At the same time, when you read that the leaders of the abolitionist movement were fired with “evangelical zeal” the term implies more than mere enthusiasm for the cause.  Many of these leaders were pious, evangelical Christians.  The evangelist Charles Finney, operating from his base, at Oberlin College, condemned slavery.[1]  So did the founders of Wheaton College.  Students from Lane Seminary in Cincinnati actually slipped into slave states and “rescued” slaves.  These men and women based their opposition on what they read in the Bible.
Throughout history, whenever the plight of workers, slave or free, has been improved, it has been the results of a rediscovery of principles laid down in the Bible.
But as historic as abolition, the enactment of child-labor laws, or the establishment of a more reasonable work day has been, the most far-reaching impact in the workplace has been made by those men and women who determined to live out their faith. 



[1]  Though Finney would not make a pro-abolition stance a test of fellowship or cooperation, others would.